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원통좌표계
$$\rho =\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}\;\; , \phi =tan^{-1}\frac{y}{x}\;\; , z=z$$
$$x=\rho cos\phi ,y=\rho sin\phi , z=z$$
Example
$$x= rsin\theta cos\phi , y=rsin\theta sin\phi , z=rcos\theta $$
전자기학
$$\rho =\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}\;\; , \phi =tan^{-1}\frac{y}{x}\;\; , z=z$$
$$x=\rho cos\phi ,y=\rho sin\phi , z=z$$
$$x= rsin\theta cos\phi , y=rsin\theta sin\phi , z=rcos\theta $$